4D PRINTING

4-dimensional printing (4D printing) uses the same techniques of 3D printing through computer-programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object. However, in 4D printing, the resulting 3D shape is able to morph into different forms in response to environmental stimulus, with the 4th dimension being the time-dependent shape change after the printing. It is therefore a type of programmable matter, wherein after the fabrication process, the printed product reacts with parameters within the environment (humidity, temperature, voltage, etc.) and changes its form accordingly. Among different smart materials used for 4D printing application, I have explored the thermo-responsive shape memory polymers and its composites in detail. Various mechanical, shape memory, morphological and biological characterizations are carried out to find the suitability of the thermo-responsive SMP and its various composites.

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